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This modulation was then applied to all the off-key notes in each solo voice recording to correct the entire voice track. The AI learnt to predict the amount that each voice note needed to be adjusted in order to stay 'in-pitch' with the instrumental accompaniment. They then intentionally created an 'out-of-tune' version of the voice track by randomly shifting notes up to a semitone higher, while the accompaniment music was kept the same.
The team selected 500 tracks that were performed 'in-tune' and split the tracks into separate files, one for voice and one for the accompanying music.
To create the system, researchers at Indiana University Bloomington used 4,702 amateur voice recordings from the online karaoke platform Smule to 'train' their AI algorithm to recognise and correction off-key notes.
This clip is of the same recording of Frank Sinatra's The Way You Look Tonight which has been processed by the AI software